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Data Compression Algorithms
Samtools
BGZF
“Sorting and indexing A SAM/BAM file can be unsorted, but sorting by coordinate is used to streamline data processing and to avoid loading extra alignments into memory. A position-sorted BAM file can be indexed. We combine the UCSC binning scheme (Kent et al., 2002) and simple linear indexing to achieve fast random retrieval of alignments overlapping a specified chromosomal region. In most cases, only one seek call is needed to retrieve alignments in a region.”
